There are three main categories for imposing fines
1. Country of origin due careless handling/delayed reporting to global
The basic requirement is that the pandemic-causing country is identified without a doubt.
Another requirement is an independent agency that checks the calculated extent of damage and loss for the affected country and makes an estimate, which also includes errors and ignorance
Errors and ignorance include, for example, that the measures regulated by the "International Health Regulations" were not or only partially implemented and thus valuable time for combating the pandemic has passed without effective countermeasures to protect people.
As the current COVID-19 pandemic shows, the priorities of many affected countries are set in favor of the economy and the prevention of infections and deaths is given a lower priority, which raises the question: what is more important "people or economy?"
Another important evaluation criterion is the characteristics of the pandemic in order to take a so-called learning curve into account over time.
Taking all important factors into account, this could be used to determine a fair assessment of the damage caused and to bring the pandemic-causing country to repair payments
2. Insufficient or delayed country security measures
3. Failure to follow established control measures by individuals or groups